Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources

Abstract Particulate black carbon (BC) affects global warming by absorbing the solar radiation, affecting cloud formation, and decreasing ground albedo when deposited to snow or ice. BC has also a wide variety of adverse effects on human population health. In this article we reviewed emission factors (EFs) major anthropogenic sources, i.e. traffic (incl. marine aviation), residential combustion, energy production. We included EFs measured directly from individual sources derived ambient measurements. Each source category was divided into sub-categories find demonstrate systematical trends, such as potential influence fuel, combustion technologies, exhaust/flue gas cleaning systems EFs. Our review highlights importance society level regulation in mitigation; clear reduction observed studies for road well direct measurements diesel-powered vehicles. However, emissions gasoline vehicles were be higher with fuel injection techniques (gasoline injection) than port-fueled injection, indicating potentially negative trend vehicle fleet case shipping, relatively correlation seen between engine size so that specific largest engines lowest. Regarding large variation EFs, type quality appliances significantly The data gaps large-scale production which can crucial estimating radiative forcing emissions. addition, much more research is needed improve coverage Furthermore, use existing complicated different EF calculation methods, units used reporting results due experimental setups measurement methods. general, conducted accuracy future inventories evaluations climate, air quality, health impacts